What are pedicle screws?

Pedicle screws are specialized orthopedic implants used in spinal fusion surgery to stabilize and immobilize segments of the spine affected by conditions such as degenerative disc disease, spondylolisthesis, spinal fractures, scoliosis, kyphosis, and spinal tumors. These screws are inserted through the pedicles—short, thick projections from the back of each vertebra—and anchored into the vertebral body, primarily in the lumbar, thoracic, and sometimes cervical spine. During procedures like posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF), transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF), or anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF), pedicle screws serve as anchor points for rods that hold vertebrae in place, promoting bone fusion and spinal stability. They can be placed using open or minimally invasive techniques, such as percutaneous pedicle screw fixation, often guided by fluoroscopy or CT navigation. Made from biocompatible materials like titanium or stainless steel, pedicle screws offer strong fixation and are a cornerstone in modern spinal instrumentation.

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